| English name |
Other names or former names |
| Raahe |
Brahestad (Swedish), Raahe (Finnish), Рахе (Macedonian) |
| Rădăuţi |
Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits - ראַדעװיץ (Yiddish), Rádóc (Hungarian), Radowce (Polish), Rothacenum (Latin), Радауци (Macedonian) |
| Radoviš |
Radoviš (Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, Bosnian), Радовиш (Macedonian) |
| Radymno |
Radymno (Polish), Redem - רעדעם (Yiddish), Радимно (Macedonian) |
| Raiding |
Doborján (Hungarian), Raiding (German), Rajnof (Croatian) |
| Rakvere |
Wesenberg or Wesenbergh (former German) |
| Rauma |
Rauma (Estonian, Finnish), Raumo (Swedish) |
| Ravenna |
Raben (old German), Rabenna - 라벤나 (Korean), Ravena - Равена (Bulgarian), Ravena (Romanian), Rávena or Ravena (Spanish)*, Ravenna (Azeri, Finnish, Italian, Maltese), Ραβέννα (Greek), Rawenna (Polish) |
| Regensburg |
Ratisbon (former English, Latin), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian, Spanish, Catalan), Ratisbonne (French), Ratisvónni - Ρατισβόννη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Ratyzbona (Polish), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (Dutch, German, Romanian), Řezno (Czech) |
| Reichenau |
La Punt (Romansh), Reichenau (German) |
| Rennes |
Rennes (Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Italian), Rennu - レンヌ (Japanese)*, Resnn (Gallo), Roazhon (Breton)* |
| Resen |
Resen (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Ресен (Macedonian) |
| Reykjavík |
Léikèyăwèikè - 雷克雅未克 (Chinese)*, Reikyabikeu / Reik'yabik'ŭ - 레이캬비크 (Korean), Reikyabiku - レイキャビク (Japanese)*, Reikyavik (Persian), Reikjavīka (Latvian), Reikiavik (Spanish), Reiquejavique (Portuguese), Rejkiawik and Reykjawik (Polish alternates), Rejkjavik (Maltese), Reykjavík (Czech), Rejkjaviko (Esperanto), Reykjavik (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Reykjavík (Icelandic), Reykyavik (Azeri), Reykyavik or Reykavik (Turkish) |
| Rheims |
Reims (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Interlingua, Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Reimsa (Latvian), Reimsas (Lithuanian), Remeš (Czech), Ρήμες (Greek, καθαρεύουσα), Remso (Esperanto) |
| Riga |
Lĭjiā - 里加 (Chinese)*, Rīġā (Arabic), Riga (Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Ríga - Ρίγα (Greek), Riga - リガ (Japanese)*, Riga - 리가 (Korean), Rīga (Latvian), Rige - ריגע (Yiddish), Rīgõ (Livonian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Ryha - Рыга (Belarusian), Ryha - Рига (Ukrainian) |
| Rijeka |
Fiume (Italian*, Hungarian*), Reka (Slovene)*, Rijeka (Croatian*, Finnish*, German*, Polish*, Romanian*, Slovak), St. Veit am Flaum (older German)*, Rieka (Persian) |
| Rivne |
Рівне / Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne - ראָװנע (Yiddish), Rovno (Romanian, Russian), Równe (Polish), Riwne(German), Rowno (older German) |
| Roč |
Roč (Croatian), Rozzo (Italian) |
| Roman |
Roman (Romanian), Románvásár (Hungarian), Romanvarasch (German) |
| Rome |
Erroma (Basque)*, Luómǎ - 罗马 (Chinese)*, Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Croatian*, Serbian, Slovene*), Rím (Slovak)*, Řím (Czech)*, Рим / Rim (Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian), Рим / Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish)*, Rô-ma or La Mã (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), An Róimh (Irish), An Ròimh (Scottish Gaelic)*, Rom (Danish*, German*, Swedish*), Róm (Icelandic), Roma (Azeri*, Catalan*, Interlingua, Italian*, Lithuanian*, Latvian*, Norwegian*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Romansh, Spanish*, Turkish*), Róma (Hungarian)*, Roma - רומא (Hebrew), Rōma - ローマ (Japanese)*, Roma - 로마 (Korean), Rome (Dutch*, French*), Rome, Roeme, Roame (Limburgish, depending on dialect), Rómi - Ρώμη (Greek), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian*, Finnish*), Roum (Luxembourgish), Roym - רױם (Yiddish), Ruma (Maltese), Rūmiya (Arabic), Rzym (Polish) |
| Roskilde |
Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish, Polish) |
| Rostock |
Rostock (Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Rostock / Rostok (Polish), Rostoka (Latvian), Rostokas (Lithuanian), Roztoka (former Polish), Roztoky (Czech) |
| Rouen |
Rouaan (Dutch alternate), Rouen (French, Italian, Romanian), Ruan or Ruán (Spanish)*, Ruão (Portuguese), Ruāna (Latvian), Rúðuborg (Icelandic), Ρουένη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Rovaniemi |
Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Estonian, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian) |
| Rovinj |
Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian, Slovene), Ruginium (Latin) |
| Ružomberok |
Rosenberg (German), Rózsahegy (Hungarian), Ružomberok (Slovak) |
| Rzeszów |
Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Reisha - רישא (Hebrew), Řešov (Czech), Reyshe - רײשע (Yiddish), Ryashеv - Ряшев (Russian), Ryashiv (Ukrainian), Rzeszów (Polish) |
| English name |
Other names or former names |
| Saarbrücken |
Saarbrücken (German, Romanian), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian), Saarbrécken (Luxembourgish), Saarbrükken (Azeri) |
| Saarlouis |
Sarrelouis (French)*, Saarlouis (German)*, Saarlautern (German 1936-1945)*, Sarrelibre (French 1793-1804/1810)* |
| Sagunto |
Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish), Saguntum (Latin) |
| St Albans |
Verlamion (former English), Verulamium (Latin), Verlamchester or Wæclingacaester (Old English) |
| St Andrews |
Cill Rìmhinn (Scottish Gaelic), Sanct Andraes (Lowland Scots), Kilrymont or Kilrule (former) |
| St. Gallen |
Saint-Gall (French, Romanian), Sankt Gallen (Dutch, German), San Gallo (Italian), San Galo (Spanish)*, Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech) |
| St Petersburg |
Ayía Petrúpoli - Αγία Πετρούπολη (Greek), Shën Petersburg (Albanian), Peterburg and Peyterburg - פּעטערבורג (Yiddish), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Pétersbourg (French), Sangteu Petereubureukeu / Sangt'ŭ P'et'erŭburŭk'ŭ - 상트페테르부르크 (Korean), Sankt-Pieciarburh - Санкт-Пецярбург (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian = Санкт-Петербург, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, seldom Slovak), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian), Sankuto Peteruburuku - サンクトペテルブルク (Japanese)*, San Petersburgo (Spanish), San Pietroburgo (Italian), San Pietruburgu (Maltese), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), St. Petersburg (Norwegian), St Petersburg or Petersburg (Turkish), Szentpétervár (Hungarian), Sankti Pétursborg (Icelandic), Shèng Bĭdèbāo - 聖彼得堡 (Chinese), Xanh Pê-téc-bua (Vietnamese)
1638-1703 (a 17th Century town at the site of the present city): Nevanlinna (Finnish), Niyen - Ниен (Russian), Nyen (Swedish)
1914-1924: Petorogurādo - ペトログラード (Japanese), Petrograd (former English, former French, former Russian, former Serbian, former Slovene, former Swedish), Petrogrado (former Spanish, former Portuguese), Petrohrad (former Czech, Slovak), Pietrogrado (former Italian), Piotrogród (former Polish), Pēterpils (former Latvian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian)
1924-1991: Leningrad (former Czech, former English, former German, former Swedish), Leningrado (former Italian, former Spanish, former Portuguese), Lenjingrad (former Serbian), Reningeuradeu / Renin'gŭradŭ - 레닌그라드 (Korean), Reningurādo - レニングラード (Japanese)
|
| St. Moritz |
Saint-Moritz (French)*, San Morittsu - サンモリッツ (Japanese)*, Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech), Sanktmorica (Latvian) |
| Saint-Quentin |
Saint-Quentin (French), San Quintino (Italian), San Quintín (Spanish) |
| Salzburg |
Jalcheubureukeu / Chalch'ŭburŭk'ŭ - 잘츠부르크 (Korean), Sà'ērcíbăo - 薩爾茨堡 (Chinese), Såizburg (Bavarian), Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (Bosnian, Croatian, German, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Salzburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech), Zalcburga (Latvian), Zalcburgas (Lithuanian), Zarutsuburuku - ザルツブルク (Japanese)* |
| Samara |
Samara - Самара (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian), Samara (German, Azeri), Szamara (Hungarian), Kujbišev (Slovene, former name), Kuybyshev (former name) |
| Sânnicolau Mare |
Sânnicolau Mare / Sân Nicolau Mare (Romanian), Groß Sankt Nikolaus (German), Nagyszentmiklós (Hungarian), Veliki Sveti Nikola (Serbian) |
| San Sebastián |
Donostia (Basque)*, Donostio (Esperanto)*, San Sebatian (Romania), San Sebastián (Spanish*, Finnish*), Sant Sebastià (Catalan)*, Saint-Sébastien (French)*, San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian), São Sebastião (Portuguese)* |
| Santiago de Compostela |
Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Santiago de Compostel·la (Catalan), Sant Jaume de Galícia (former Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Finnish, Portuguese, Spanish), Santiago di Compostela (Italian), Santiago di Compostella (old Italian) |
| Saragossa |
Caesaraugusta (Latin), Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa - 사라고사 (Korean), Saragosa (Ladino*, Latvian, Serbian, Slovene), Saragossa (English, Catalan, German, Polish), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Sarqasta - سرقسطة (Arabic), Zaragoza (Aragonese, Czech, Finnish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish) |
| Sarajevo |
Saarayego (Wolof), Sairéavó (Irish), Saraevo(Macedonian), Saraievo (Galician, Romanian), Seraium (Latin), Sarajeva (Latvian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian), Sarajevë (Albanian), Sarajevo (Bosnian, Croatian, English, Finnish, French, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Sarajevó (Icelandic), Sarajewo (German, Lower Sorbian, Polish, Upper Sorbian), Saraybosna (Turkish), Sarayevo (Azərbaycan, Qırımtatarca, Haitian Creole, Kurdi, Swahili), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Σαράγεβο (Greek), Сараєво (Ukrainian), Сараjево (Serbian), Сараево (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chuvash, Russsian, Ossetic, Macedonian, Tatar, Tajik), Sàlārèwō - 撒拉熱窩 (Chinese), Saraebo - サラエボ (Japanese)*, Սարաևո (Armenian), Sarayebo - 사라예보 (Korean), سارایوو Sarāyīfū (Arabic), סראייבו (Hebrew) |
| Saranda |
Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Áyii Saránda - Άγιοι Σαράντα (Greek), Santiquaranta (Italian) |
| Sarrebourg |
Saarburg (Dutch, German*), Sarrebourg (French*, German*) |
| Sarreguemines |
Sarreguemines (French), Saargemünd (German) |
| Sartene |
Sartè (Corsican), Sartena (Italian), Sartene (French) |
| Sassari |
Sàsser (Catalan), Sáçer (Old Spanish), Sassari (Sassarese, Corsican, Italian), Sassaro (Old Sassarese), Tathari / Tàthari / Tàttari / Tattari (Sardinian) |
| Saverne |
Zabern (German) |
| Schaffhausen |
Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German, Romanian), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish) |
| Schweinfurt |
Schweinfurt (German, Romanian, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech) |
| Schwerin |
Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech) |
| Schwyz |
Schwytz (French, Finnish), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh) |
| Sélestat |
Schlettstadt (German)*, Sélestat (French*, German*) |
| Senj |
Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Zengg (former Hungarian) |
| Sevastopol |
Akyar / Sivastopol (Turkish), Aqyar (Crimean Tatar*, Tatar), Sebastòpol (Catalan), Sébastopol (French), Sebastopol (Spanish, former English), Sebastopoli (Italian), Sevastopol (Finnish, Romanian), Sevastopol' - Севастополь (Russian, Ukrainian), Sevastopole (Latvian), Sevastúpoli - Σεβαστούπολη (Greek), Sewastopol (Polish), Szevasztopol (Hungarian), Theodorichshafen (proposed German name during World War II) |
| Seville |
Hispalis (Latin), Išbīliya (Arabic), Sebiriya - セビリア / Sebīrya - セビーリャ (Japanese)*, Sebiya - 세비야 (Korean), Seviļa (Latvian), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevíli - Σεβίλλη (Greek), Sevilia (former Romanian), Sevilija (Lithuanian), Sevilja (Serbian), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish, Azeri), Seviya (Ladino)*, Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Sivilja (Maltese) |
| 's-Hertogenbosch |
Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Herzogenbusch (German), Hertogenbosch (Italian), Boscoducale (older Italian), 's-Hertogenbosch (English, Polish, Swedish), n Bos(k) (Gronings) |
| Shkodër |
İşkodra (Turkish), Scodra (Latin), Scutari (Italian, old Romanian), Shkodër (Albanian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Skódhra - Σκόδρα (Greek), Skutari (German), Szkodra (Polish) |
| Shrewsbury |
Yr Amwythig (Welsh) |
| Šiauliai |
Šaŭli - Шаўлі (Belarusian), Schaulen (German), Shavli - Шавли (Russian), Shavl - שאַװל (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian, Finnish), Šauļi (Latvian), Szawle (Polish) |
| Šibenik |
Sebenico (former Hungarian, Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Szybenik (Polish) |
| Sibiu |
Hermannstadt (German)*, Nagyszeben (Hungarian)*, Sibiň (Czech)*, Sibinj - Сибињ (Serbian), Sibiu (German*, Romanian*, Finnish*, Turkish*), Sybin (Polish)* |
| Siedlce |
Sedlets (Russian), Shedlets - שעדלעץ (Yiddish), Siedlce (Polish) |
| Siena |
Siena (Dutch, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Turkish), Siena - 시에나 (Korean), Sienna (English variant), Sienne (French) |
| Sighetu Marmaţiei |
Máramarossziget or Sziget (Hungarian)*, Maramureschsigeth / Siget / Sighetu Marmaţiei (German)*, Marmarošská Sihoť or Sighetu Marmaţiei (Czech)*, Ostrovu Marmaţiei (medieval name), Siget Marmaćej or Siget (Croatian, Serbian)*, Siget - סיגעט (Yiddish)*, Sighet (former English)*, Sighetu Marmaţiei (Dutch*, Portuguese*), Sighetu Marmaţiei or Sighet (Italian)*, Sighetu Marmaţiei or Sighetul Marmaţiei (French)*, Sighetu Marmaţiei or Sighetul Marmaţiei or Sighet (Romanian)*, Sihoť or Syhoty (Slovak), Sihota (Rusyn), Sygit - Сигіт or Sygit-Marmaros'kyy - Сигіт-Мармароський (Ukrainian)*, Syhot Marmaroski or Sygiet (Polish)* |
| Sighişoara |
Schäßburg (German)*, Segesvár (Hungarian)*, Sighişoara (German*, Romanian*), Sigiszoara (Polish)* |
| Simferopol |
Akmescit (Turkish), Aqmescit (Crimean Tatar*, Tatar*), Gotenburg (proposed German name during World War II), Simferopol' - Сімферополь (Ukrainian), Simferopol' - Симферополь (Russian), Simferopol (Romanian), Simferòpol (Catalan), Simferopole (Latvian), Symferopol (Polish), Συμφερούπολη (Greek), Szimferopol (Hungarian) |
| Skopje |
Scupi (Latin), Seukope / Sŭk'op'e - 스코페 (Korean), Shkupi (Albanian), Skop'e - Скопье (Russian), Skópia - Σκόπια (Greek), Skopie (Bulgarian - Скопие, Polish, Spanish), Skopje (Dutch, German, Latvian, Maltese, Portuguese, Slovene, Romanian, Swedish), Skopje - Скопје (Macedonian), Scoplie (Romanian variant), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Szkopje (Hungarian), Üszküp (Hungarian, historical), Üsküb (Ottoman Turkish), Üsküp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian), Sukopie - スコピエ (Japanese)*, Usküb (English in the 11th Edition of Encyclopædia Britannica), Üsküp (Rumelian Turkish) |
| Skwierzyna |
Schwerin an der Warthe (German) |
| Slavske |
Slavs'ke - Славське (Ukrainian), Slawsko (Polish) |
| Sleswick |
Slesvig (Danish* Norwegian*), Schleswig (German), Sleswig (low German) |
| Sligo |
Sligeach (Irish) |
| Słupsk |
Stolp (German), Stolpe (Latin), Stôłpsk (Kashubian), Stölpe (Swedish), Slupska (Latvian), Слупск (Russian and other languages written in Cyrillic script) |
| Smolensk |
Smalensk - Смаленск (Belarusian), Smolensk (Azeri, Dutch, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian), Smoleńsk (Polish), Smoļenska (Latvian), Smolenskas (Lithuanian), Szmolenszk (Hungarian), Смоленск (Russian) |
| Södertälje |
Nán Tàilìyē - 南泰利耶 (Chinese), Södertälje (Swedish), Telga australis (Latin) |
| Solin |
Salona (Dutch, Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sofia |
Safija - Сафія (Belarusian), Serdica (Thracian), Sófia - Σόφια (Greek), Sófia (Portuguese), Sofia (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sofia - ソフィア (Japanese)*, Sofía (Spanish), Sofija - София (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Macedonian), Sofiya - Софія (Ukrainian), Sofija (Croatian, Slovene, Latvian, Lithuanian), Sofiya (Azeri), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofja (Maltese), Sofya (Turkish), Sopia / Sop'ia - 소피아 (Korean), Sredets (Slavic), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Suofeiya - 索菲亞 (Chinese), Szófia (Hungarian) |
| Solothurn |
Soleure (French), Solothurn (Dutch, German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish) |
| Sønderborg |
Sonderburg (German) |
| Sondrio |
Sondrio (Italian), Sunder (Romansh), Sùndri (Lombard), Sundrium (Latin) |
| Sopot |
Sopòt (Kashubian), Sopot (Polish), Zoppot (German) |
| Sopron |
Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian, Romanian), Šopron (Croatian) |
| Sovetsk |
Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Serbian, Slovene), Sovyetsk (Turkish), Tilsit (German), Tilzīte (former Latvian), Sovetska (Latvian), Tilžė (Lithuanian), Tylża (Polish) |
| Sparta |
Σπάρτη (Greek) |
| Speyer |
Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spiers (Dutch), Spira (Italian, Polish), Spire (French), Spires (former English), Špýr (Czech) |
| Spišská Nová Ves |
Igló (Hungarian), Nowa Wieś Spiska / Spiska Nowa Wieś (Polish), Noveysis (Romani), Spišská Nová Ves (Slovak), Villa Nova (Latin), (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf (German), списка нова вес (Ukrainian) |
| Split |
Seupeulliteu / Sŭp'ŭllit'ŭ - 스플리트 (Korean), Spalato (former Hungarian, Italian), Split (Azeri, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish), Splita (Latvian), Splitas (Lithuanian), Σπολάτο (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Spreewald |
Błota (Lower Sorbian), Spreewald (German) |
| Spremberg |
Grodk (Lower Sorbian), Spremberg (German) |
| Starokonstantinov |
Alt-Konstantin (German), Starokonstantinov / Староконстантинов (Russian), Old Constantine (former English), Starokostyantyniv (Ukrainian) |
| Sterzing-Vipiteno |
Sterzing (German), Vipiteno (Italian), Stérzen or Sterzinga (former Italian) |
| Štip |
Štip (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Штип (Macedonian) |
| Stockholm |
Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Holmia (Latin), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Seutokholleum / Sŭt'okhollŭm - 스톡홀름 (Korean), Sīdégē'ĕrmó - 斯德哥爾摩 (Chinese)*, Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholbma (Sami), Stockholm (Basque, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Stócólm (Irish), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Slovak), Stokholm (Albanian, Azeri, former Estonian, Serbian, Turkish), Stokholm - Стокхолм (Bulgarian), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi - Στοκχόλμη (Greek), Stokkhólmur (Faroese, Icelandic), Stokkolma (Maltese), Sutokkuhorumu - ストックホルム (Japanese)*, Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish),Sa-tok-home-สตอกโฮล์ม (Thai)* |
| Stargard Szczeciński |
Stargard Szczeciński (Polish), Stargard in Pommern or Stargard an der Ihna (German), Stargardia (Latin), Stôrgard (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Stargarda Ščeciņska (Latvian), Ščecino Stargardas (Lithuanian), Στάργκαρντ Σετσέτσινσκι (Greek), Старгард Щециньски (Russian), Старгард Щеціньски (Ukrainian), |
| Stralsund |
Stralsund (German, Swedish), Stralsunda (Italian), Strzałowo or Strzałów (Polish) |
| Strasbourg |
Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Estrasburg (Catalan), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Seuteuraseubureu / Sŭt'ŭrasŭburŭ - 스트라스부르 (Korean), Straatsburg (Afrikaans and Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian),Strasburgu (Maltese), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish, Swiss German, former Swedish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strazburg (Turkish), Strasbūra (Latvian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian), Stroossbuerg (Luxembourgish), Strasvúrgo - Στρασβούργο (Greek), Sutorasubūru - ストラスブール (Japanese)* |
| Straubing |
Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech) |
| Struga |
Struga (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Струга (Macedonian) |
| Strumica |
Strumica (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Струмица (Macedonian) |
| Stuttgart |
Estugarda (Portuguese), Shututtogaruto - シュトゥットガルト (Japanese)*, Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Schturgert (Swabian German)*, Stuttgart (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Stoutgárdhi - Στουτγάρδη (Greek), Štutgarte (Latvian), Štutgartas (Lithuanian), Syututeugareuteu / Syut'ut'ŭgarŭt'ŭ - 슈투트가르트 (Korean) |
| Subotica |
Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Finnish, Slovene, Polish, Romanian), Szabadka (Hungarian) |
| Suceava |
Shots - שאָץ (Yiddish), Suceava (Romanian), Suczawa (Polish, German), Szucsava (Hungarian) |
| Sveti Nikole |
Sveti Nikole (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian), Свети Николе (Macedonian) |
| Swansea |
Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Dutch, German, Slovene), Svonsi (Serbian) |
| Świnoujście |
Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish) |
| Syracuse |
Sarausa (Sicilian), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan), Siragüza (Arabic), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Siracuza (former Romanian), Sirakuza (Azeri, Serbian), Sirakuża (Maltese), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian), Sirakúses - Συρακούσες (Greek), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakus (German), Syrakusa (Finnish, Swedish), Syrakuse (Dutch), Syrakúzy (Slovak), |
| Szczebrzeszyn |
Shebreshin - שעברעשין (Yiddish), Szczebrzeszyn (Polish) |
| Szczecin |
Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Turkish, former English), Stettyn (Afrikaans), Szczecin (Polish, Romanian), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Ščecina (Latvian), Šćećin (Serbian), Štetinas (Lithuanian), Ščecin - Шчэцін (Belarusian), Στεττίνο (Greek) |
| Szczytno |
Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish) |
| Szeged |
Partiscum (Latin), Segedín (Czech, Serbian, Slovak), Segedin (Turkish), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian), Szegedin or Segedin (German), Siget (Croatian) |
| Székesfehérvár |
Alba Regia (Latin), Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak), İstolni Belgrad (Turkish), Stolni Beograd Столни Београд (Serbian) |
| Szentendre |
Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian) |
| Szombathely |
Kamenec (Czech), Sambotel (Croatian), Savaria or Sabaria (Latin), Sombotel (Slovene), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian) |
| English name |
Other names or former names |
| Tallinn |
Kolõvan (former Estonian), Lindanise (former Estonian), Lyndanisse (former Danish variant), Lindanäs (former Swedish variant), Räffle (former Swedish variant), Rääveli (former Finnish), Rävel (former Swedish variant), Reval (former Dutch, English, French, German, Swedish and Danish), Revalia (Latin), Revel' - Ревель (former Russian), Rewel (former Polish), Rēvele (former Latvian), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Talin (alternate Portuguese, Serbian, alternate Turkish), Tălín - 塔林 (Chinese), Ταλλίνη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Tallin / T'allin - 탈린 (Korean), Tallin (Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak; also a variant in Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, used mainly between 1944–1991), Tallinn (Azeri, Estonian, Danish, Dutch, German, Maltese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swedish, Turkish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish; former Estonian), Tarin - タリン (Japanese)* |
| Tampere |
Tammerfors (Danish, Swedish), Tampere (Azeri, Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish), Tampere / T'amp'ere - 탐페레 (Korean), Tamperė (Lithuanian) |
| Taranto |
Taranto (Italian, Romanian), Táras - Τάρας (ancient Greek), Tárantas - Τάραντας (modern Greek) Tarent (Czech, German, Polish, Romanian variant, Serbian), Tàrent (Catalan), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin) |
| Târgu Mureş |
Marosvásárhely (Hungarian), Neumarkt (am Mieresch) (German), Târgu Mureş (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Mureş (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Neamţ |
Németvásár (Hungarian), Târgu Neamţ (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Neamţ (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Ocna |
Aknavásár (Hungarian), Târgu Ocna (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Ocna (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Jiu |
Zsilvásárhely (Hungarian), Târgu Jiu (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Jiu (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Tarnów |
Tarne - טארנע (Yiddish), Tarnów (Polish), Tarniv - Тарнів (Ukrainian) |
| Tarnowskie Góry |
Tarnowitz (German), Tarnowskie Góry (Polish) |
| Tarragona |
Tarragona (Catalan, Spanish, English), Tarraco (Latin), Tarragone (French) |
| Tartu |
Derpt - Дерпт (former Russian), Dorpat (former German, Polish and Swedish), Tarto (Võro), Tartto (Finnish), Tartu (Estonian, German, Latvian, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918), Tharbata (Latin), Yur'yev - Юрьев (former Russian) |
| Tarvisio |
Tarvis (Friulian, German), Tarvisio (Italian), Trbiž (Slovene) |
| Tashkent |
Tachkent (French), Taschkent (German), Tashikento - タシケント (Japanese)*, Tashkent - Ташкент (Russian, Ukrainian), Tasjkent (Faroese, Swedish), Taşkent (Turkish), Taškent (Finnish, Italian), Tasyukenteu / T'asyuk'ent'ŭ - 타슈켄트 (Korean), Taszkent (Polish), Toshkent or Тошкент (Uzbek) , Τασκένδη (Taskendi) (Greek) |
| Taurage |
Taurage (Lithuanian), Tauroggen (German), Taurogi (Polish) |
| Tbilisi |
Dìbǐlìsī - 第比利斯 (simplified) (Chinese), Gürƶex - Гуьржех (Chechen), Guržeğe - ГуржегӀе (Ingush), Kalak - Калак (Ossetian), Kart - Қарҭ (Abkhaz), Kwrdžy - Курджы (Kabardian [Circassian]), Tbili (Svan), Tbilisi - თბილისი (Georgian), Tbilisi (Basque, Finnish, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Tbîlîsî (Kurdish), Tbilisi - Тбилиси (Russian), Tbilisi - Тбілісі (Ukrainian), Tbilissi (French), Tbilisis (Lithuanian), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Teflis - تفلیس (Persian), Teubillisi / T'ŭbillisi - 트빌리시 (Korean), Tíbǐlǐxī - 提比里西 (Chinese [Taiwan]), Tiflīs (Arabic), Tiflis (Dutch, German, Spanish, Turkish, Azeri, former English, former Italian, former Romanian, former Finnish), Tíflis / Tiflída - Τίφλις / Τιφλίδα (Greek), Tiflis - Тифлис (former Russian), Tífúlìsī - 提弗利司 / Tífúlǐsī - 梯弗裡斯 (Chinese [archaic]), Tobirishi - トビリシ (Japanese)*, Ţpʼilisi - ტფილისი (Georgian [archaic]), Tp'xis - Տփխիս (Armenian), Tyflis (former Polish) |
| Tekirdağ |
Byzanthe (Ancient Greek name of a Thracian town very near the modern city), Raedestus / Rhaedestus (Latin), Rhaidestos (Greek), Rodosçuk (early Ottoman Turkish), Rodosto (Italian and various European languages), Rodostó (Hungarian), Tekfurdağı (late Ottoman Turkish), Tekirdağ (Turkish), Visanthi (Modern Greek form of Byzanthe) |
| Tempio Pausania |
Tempio Pausania (Italian), Tempiu (Corsican, Sardinian), Tempio (Spanish, Catalan, former Italian) |
| Terezín |
Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German), Terezin (Polish) |
| Tetovo |
Tetovo (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Тетово (Macedonian) |
| The Hague |
D'n 'Aegt (Zeelandic), Lāhāy (Arabic), La Hay or La Haye (Vietnamese), Lahey (Turkish), L'Aia (Italian), L-Aja (Maltese), Gaaga (Russian), De Haach (Frisian), De Haag (local Haags dialect), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Hāga (Latvian), Haga (Polish, Romanian, Lithuanian, Albanian), Hága (Hungarian), Hago (Esperanto), Hāgu - ハーグ (Japanese)*, Haia (Portuguese), An Háig (Irish), Hăiyá - 海牙 (Chinese), La Haya (Spanish), La Haye (French), Ηáyi - Χάγη (Greek), Heigeu / Heigŭ - 헤이그 (Korean) |
| Theodosia |
Theodhósia - Θεοδωσία (Greek), Kefe (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Feodosija (Finnish), Feodosiya - Феодосія (Ukrainian), Feodosiya - Феодосия (Russian), Teodozja (Polish) |
| Thessaloniki |
Salonic (Romanian), Salonica (alternative English name), Salónica (alternate Portuguese, alternate Spanish, alternate Ladino), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonikai (Lithuanian), Saloniki (Azeri, German, Latvian, Polish, Ladino, alternative Greek name), Saloniki / Thessaloniki (Swedish), Salonique / Thessalonique (French), Salonka (Maltese), Săruna (Aromanian), Selanik (Ladino*, Turkish, Albanian), Solun - Солун (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Soluň (Czech), Solún (Slovak), Sołuń (Polish, historical), Szaloniki / Tesszaloniki (Hungarian), Thessaloniki - Θεσσαλονίκη (Greek), Tesalloniki / T'esallonik'i - 테살로니키 (Korean), Tesalonic (alternative Romanian name), Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalònica (Catalan), Tessalonika(Finnish), Tessaloniki (Finnish), Saloniky - Салоніки (Ukrainian) |
| Thionville |
Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch), Diddenhuewen (Luxembourgish), Thionville (French) |
| Thusis |
Thusis (German), Tusaun (Romansh) |
| Timişoara |
Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeswar / Temeschburg / (Temeschwar) (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Timiszoara (Polish), Temeşvar (Turkish) |
| Tipperary |
Tiobraid Árann (Irish) |
| Tirana |
Tiran (Turkish), Tirana (Azeri, Catalan, Finnish, Italian*, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Τίρανα (Greek), Tirana - ティラナ (Japanese)*, Tirana / T'irana - 티라나 (Korean), Tirāna (Latvian), Tirana -Тирана (Russian), Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Trnava - Трнава (old Macedonian) |
| Tongeren |
Tongeren (Dutch), Tongern (German), Tongres (French), Tongue (Walloon), Aduatuca (Latin) |
| Tornio |
Duortnus (Northern Sami), Toreunio / T'orŭnio - 토르니오 (Korean), Torneå (Swedish), Tornio (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Tórshavn |
Thorshavn (Danish, Finnish, Romanian), Torshamn (Swedish), Þórshöfn (Icelandic), Toreuseuhaun / T'orŭsŭhaun - 토르스하운 |
| Toruń |
Torun (Romanian), Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis, Thorun (Latin), Torń (Kashubian), Torun' - Торунь (Ukrainian) |
| Toulon |
Toló (Catalan), Tolón (Spanish)*, Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French, Finnish, Romanian) Tulon (Azeri, Polish, old Romanian), Tulona (Latvian) |
| Toul |
Toul (French*, Finnish*, German*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Swedish*), Tull (old German *) |
| Toulouse |
Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin, Occitan, former Spanish, Basque), Toulouse (French, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Tullujeu / T'ullujŭ - 툴루즈 (Korean), Tuluz (Serbian), Tuluza (Azeri, Polish), Tuluza - Тулуза Tulūza (Latvian, Lithuanian), Tulúzi - Τουλούζη (Greek), (Bulgarian), Tūrūzu - トゥールーズ (Japanese)* |
| Tournai |
Doornijk (Flemish), Doornik (Dutch), Dornick (German), Tournai (French, Romanian) |
| Tours |
Tours (French), Caesarodunum (Latin), Teurgn (Breton) |
| Trabzon |
Trabzon (Azeri, Romanian, Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, former Romanian), Trapezúnda - Τραπεζούντα (Greek), Trebisonda (Catalan, Spanish, Italian*, Portuguese), Trebizonda (former Romanian alternative to Trapezunt), Trébizonde (French), Trebizon (former variant in English), Trapesunta (former Italian) |
| Trakai |
Troki - Трокі (Belarusian), Trakai (Lithuanian, Turkish), Trakay (alternative Turkish), Traķi (Latvian), Troki (Polish) |
| Tralee |
Trá Lí (Irish) |
| Trenčín |
Laugaricio (Latin), Trentschin (German), Тренчин (Russian), Trenczyn (Polish), Trencsén (Hungarian) |
| Trento |
Trent (older English), Trente (Dutch, French), Trento (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Trident (Czech), Tridentum (Latin), Trient (German), Trydent (Polish) |
| Trier |
Augusta Trevirorum (Latin), Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Treviri (Italian), Tréier (Luxembourgish), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese), Trèveris (Catalan), Trier (Dutch, German, Swedish), Trive (Walloon), Τρεβήροι (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Trieste |
Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech, Slovak), Teryésti - Τεργέστη (Greek), Teurieseute / T'ŭriesŭt'e - 트리에스테 (Korean), Toriesute - トリエステ (Japanese)*, Triëst (Dutch), Triest (Catalan, Dutch, Friulian, German, Polish, Romanian variant), Trieszt (Hungarian), Trieste (Finnish, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Triyeste (alternative Turkish), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Trogir |
Traù (Italian), Trogir (Croatian, Romanian, Serbian) |
| Trnava |
Nagyszombat (Hungarian), Tyrnau (German), трнава (Ukrainian) |
| Tromsø |
Romsa (Sami), Teuromsoe / T'ŭromsoe - 트롬쇠 (Korean), Tromssa (Finnish), Tromsö (Swedish, Turkish) |
| Trondheim |
Drontheim (old German), Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Råante (Southern Sami), Roanddin (Northern Sami), Þrándheimur (Icelandic), Trånnhjæm (in the pronunciation of some of the locals), Trondheim (Dutch*, German*, Norwegian*, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish; from Late Middle Ages Kaupangen i Trondheimen (modernised form)), Trondheimas (Lithuanian), Trondhjem (Danish/Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Tronheima (Latvian), Tróndheimur (Faroese) |
| Truro |
Truru (Cornish) * |
| Trzebiatów |
Treptow an der Rega (German) |
| Tübingen |
Túbīngēn - 圖賓根 (Chinese), Tubinga (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tübingen (German, Swedish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech), Tybinga (Polish), Tivíngi - Τυβίγγη (Greek) |
| Turin |
Augusta Taurinorum (Latin), Taurasia (probably pre-Roman Celtic),Taurinum (medieval Latin), Torí (Catalan), Torino (Finnish, Italian, Croatian, Greek, Norwegian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Turkish), Torinó (Hungarian), Torino - トリノ (Japanese)*, Torino / T'orino - 토리노 (Korean), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turin (Piedmontese, Azeri, Basque, French, Friulian, German, Maltese, Occitan, Lombard, Genoese, Swedish), Turín (Czech, Slovak, Spanish), Turyn (Afrikaans, Polish), Turīna (Latvian), Turinas (Lithuanian), Turien (Limburgish), Τουρίνο (Greek) |
| Turckheim |
Turckheim (French)*, Türkheim im Elsass (German, obsolete)* |
| Turku |
Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Tureuku / T'urŭk'u - 투르쿠 (Korean), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Azeri, Finnish, Latvian, Romanian, Turkish) |
| Tver |
Kalinin (former name), Tver (Azeri, Italian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Twer (Polish, German), Tvera (Latvian), Tverė (Lithuanian), Ćvier - Цвер (Цьвер) (Belarusian) |
| Tyszowce |
Tishevits - טישעװיץ (Yiddish), Tyszowce (Polish) |